With separate tickets, you leave the airport to collect your bags: it's the country's entry rules that count, not the transit rules.
12
No visa
For a short stay, your passport is enough.
72
Online formality
Electronic authorisation or e-visa, often paid, to sort out before you go.
113
Visa required
A visa to get in advance: avoid these stopovers with separate tickets.
Rules as of 12 January 2025, source: Passport Index. They change: check with the embassy before you go.